NOP14 is a nucleolar protein primarily involved in ribosomal RNA processing and ribosome biogenesis. At the molecular level, NOP14 functions in nucleolar processing of pre-18S rRNA and participates in the maturation of the small ribosomal subunit (40S), including endonucleolytic cleavage events in the internal and external transcribed spacers 1. NOP14 also regulates nuclear export of 40S pre-ribosomal subunits to the cytoplasm and associates with the small-subunit processome complex. Beyond its canonical ribosomal function, NOP14 exhibits context-dependent roles in cancer biology. In colorectal cancer and breast cancer, NOP14 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin and NRIP1/GSK-3β signaling pathways, with high NOP14 expression associated with improved prognosis and enhanced immune cell infiltration 234. Conversely, in melanoma and glioma, NOP14 suppresses cancer stem cell stemness and function through Wnt/β-catenin inactivation 56. Recent evidence reveals that NOP14-mediated ribosome biogenesis is essential for mTORC2-Akt activation and predicts sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy 1. Additionally, NOP14 is targeted by the anti-angiogenic compound vioprolide A, which reduces pathological neovascularization 7. These findings establish NOP14 as a multifunctional protein linking ribosome biogenesis to cancer-relevant signaling pathways and immune regulation.