NUDT7 encodes a peroxisomal nudix hydrolase that functions as a coenzyme A (CoA) diphosphatase, hydrolyzing CoA, CoA esters, and oxidized CoA with similar efficiencies to yield 3',5'-ADP and corresponding 4'-phosphopantetheine derivatives 1. The enzyme exhibits optimal activity at pH 8.0 with Mg2+ or Mn2+ ions and shows Km and kcat values of 240 μM and 3.8 s⁻¹ with CoA, respectively 1. NUDT7 localizes to peroxisomes where it likely eliminates oxidized CoA or regulates CoA and acyl-CoA levels in response to metabolic demand 1. The enzyme plays critical roles in lipid metabolism, as NUDT7 deficiency leads to hepatic lipid accumulation and NAFLD-like features through upregulation of de novo lipogenesis and PPARγ activation 2. NUDT7 downregulation by environmental toxins like PFOA and PFOS triggers reduced acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity and subsequent lipid accumulation in hepatocytes 3. In viral infections, NUDT7 promotes PRRSV replication by enhancing lipid droplet synthesis through the UBA52-SREBF1 signaling axis while suppressing interferon responses 4. Additionally, NUDT7 dysfunction contributes to osteoarthritis pathogenesis through disruption of lipid homeostasis and chondrocyte death 5, and shows upregulation in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency as a potential compensatory mechanism 6.