NXPH3 (neurexophilin 3) is a secreted peptide located on human chromosome 17.3 that functions as a signaling molecule and ligand for alpha-neurexins 1. The protein supports survival of dopaminergic neurons, with expression levels dynamically regulated in response to brain injury—higher in acute neurotoxic conditions and lower in chr17 injury states 1. Notably, NXPH3 expression is reduced in the putamen of Parkinson's disease patients compared to normal controls, suggesting neuroprotective significance 1. When co-administered with iPSC-derived neural cells, NXPH3 enhances dopaminergic neuron survival and graft integration in the striatum, indicating potential therapeutic value for cell-based PD treatments 1. Beyond neurological function, NXPH3 serves as a WT1 target gene in renal podocytes, where its downregulation during podocyte injury correlates with disease progression in glomerulosclerosis 2. Additionally, NXPH3 was identified as one of 16 prognostic-related genes associated with WHO grade II/III glioma classification and patient survival outcomes 3, and as a transcription factor involved in congenital obstructive nephropathy pathogenesis 4. The genomic structure and expression of NXPH3 remain unaffected by evolutionary pericentric inversion between human and chimpanzee genomes 5.