OR51A7 is an olfactory receptor belonging to a large family of G-protein coupled receptors expressed on plasma membranes. Beyond its canonical role in odorant detection in the nose, OR51A7 is expressed in human eccrine sweat glands, where it functions as a ligand-dependent regulator of perspiration 1. Specifically, the odorant β-ionone activates G-protein signaling through OR51A7, with sex-dependent effects on sweating—attenuating perspiration in females while augmenting it in males 1. At the molecular level, OR51A7 participates in olfactory signal transduction cascades involving downstream signaling molecules that regulate odor detection 2. Epidemiologically, OR51A7 methylation patterns associate with obesity indices and dietary intake, suggesting involvement in appetite regulation and food preference pathways 2. Additionally, OR51A7 expression is downregulated in gestational hypothyroidism and preeclampsia, potentially serving as a biomarker for early-onset preeclampsia prediction 3. Rare coding variants in OR51A7 show suggestive association with information processing speed in European ancestry populations 4. These findings reveal OR51A7 functions beyond olfaction, with potential roles in metabolic homeostasis, thermoregulation, pregnancy complications, and cognitive processing.