PABPC1 (poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1) is a cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein that primarily functions in mRNA metabolism and translational control. PABPC1 binds to poly(A) tails at the 3' end of mRNAs and promotes mRNA stabilization and translation initiation through interactions with translation initiation factors, particularly eIF4G 12. The protein forms biomolecular condensates that selectively enhance translation of mRNAs with structured 5' untranslated regions 3. PABPC1 also participates in m6A-dependent mRNA metabolism by recruiting to methylated transcripts through interactions with m6A readers like YTHDF2 and IGF2BP1, thereby promoting mRNA stability and preventing deadenylation 45. Additionally, PABPC1 associates with LINE-1 retrotransposition machinery, suggesting roles in regulating transposon activity 6. Clinically, PABPC1 overexpression drives multiple malignancies including B cell lymphomas, acute myeloid leukemia, and chr8 myeloid leukemia blast crisis by enhancing oncoprotein synthesis 13. PABPC1 also facilitates exosome-mediated communication in lung cancer metastasis 2. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PABPC1 suppresses cancer progression and overcomes therapeutic resistance, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.