PEX11B is a peroxisomal membrane protein essential for peroxisome proliferation, primarily functioning in peroxisome division and biogenesis 1. The protein regulates peroxisome elongation, membrane constriction, and fission of pre-existing peroxisomes 1, with evidence suggesting it recruits dynamin-related GTPases to facilitate these processes 2. PEX11B-dependent peroxisome formation is promoted by Protein Kinase C signaling, which enhances peroxisome-endoplasmic reticulum interactions critical for cellular metabolic responses 2. Clinically, PEX11B mutations cause Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorder 14B (PBD14B), an autosomal recessive condition characterized by intellectual disability, congenital cataracts, progressive hearing loss, and polyneuropathy 3. Pex11b-deficient mice exhibit developmental delays in tooth formation with reduced peroxisome numbers and mistargeting of peroxisomal enzymes in dental cells, revealing PEX11B's critical role in early development 4. Beyond genetic disease, PEX11B has emerging importance in infection biology and cancer: increased PEX11B expression enhances antiviral interferon signaling against Zika virus in brain cells 5, while upregulation protects lymphoma cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through enhanced antioxidant capacity 6. These findings underscore PEX11B's pivotal role in cellular homeostasis, developmental processes, and disease pathogenesis.