PEX11A is a peroxisomal membrane protein that regulates peroxisome dynamics and lipid metabolism. It promotes membrane protrusion and elongation on the peroxisomal surface and plays a role in peroxisomal proliferation and division 1. The protein's activity modulates peroxisomal membrane curvature, which may facilitate recruitment of dynamin-family GTPases required for organelle fission 2. PEX11A expression increases as an adaptive response to elevated lipid availability. In human skeletal muscle, PEX11A upregulation correlates with intramyocellular lipid accumulation and occurs following high-fat meals, supporting a role in lipid homeostasis 3. In cancer cells adapted to acidic microenvironments, peroxisomal biogenesis—including PEX11A upregulation—is driven by PPARα signaling and enhances β-oxidation capacity 4. PEX11A dysfunction is associated with inherited metabolic disorders affecting lipid and glycogen metabolism, including familial chylomicronemia syndrome and glycogen storage disease VI. In male infertility, PEX11A shows evidence of causal association with disease and is dysregulated in non-obstructive azoospermia, where it is predominantly expressed in germ cells and targeted by endocrine-disrupting chemicals 5. In breast cancer, PEX11A expression inversely correlates with tumor-infiltrating macrophages and associates with improved progression-free and overall survival 6.