PEX11A is a peroxisomal membrane protein essential for peroxisomal dynamics and lipid metabolism. It functions primarily in peroxisome proliferation and division, promoting membrane protrusion and elongation on the peroxisomal surface 12. PEX11A represents a key component of the conserved molecular machinery controlling peroxisomal fission across animals, plants, and fungi 34. Mechanistically, PEX11A responds adaptively to metabolic challenges. Under high-lipid conditions in skeletal muscle, PEX11A expression is significantly upregulated alongside other peroxisomal biogenesis genes, facilitating increased fatty acid oxidation capacity 5. In cancer cells adapted to acidic tumor microenvironments, PPARα signaling upregulates PEX11A to enhance peroxisomal mass and β-oxidation capacity for utilizing fatty acids 6. Clinically, PEX11A dysregulation associates with multiple disease states. Genetic variants in PEX11A show causal relationships with male infertility, with expression predominantly in testicular germ cells significantly dysregulated in non-obstructive azoospermia 7. In breast cancer, PEX11A expression inversely correlates with tumor-infiltrating macrophages and associates with better progression-free and overall survival outcomes 8. PEX11A also emerges as a component of prognostic signatures for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma survival prediction 9. These findings underscore PEX11A's importance in metabolic adaptation and disease progression.