HomeAboutRankingsData Sources
© 2026 GeneE
🧬
GeneE
10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
ⓘGeneE is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
PGM1
phosphoglucomutase 1
Chromosome 1 · 1p31.3
NCBI Gene: 5236Ensembl: ENSG00000079739.18HGNC: HGNC:8905UniProt: B4DDQ8
106PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
44Pathogenic Variants
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
glycogen catabolic processcytosolphosphoglucomutase activityprotein bindingPGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylationcongenital disorder of glycosylationcongenital disorder of glycosylation type Itype 2 diabetes mellitus
✦AI Summary

Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) catalyzes the reversible interconversion of α-D-glucose 1-phosphate and α-D-glucose 6-phosphate, a reaction essential for carbohydrate metabolism 1. This bidirectional conversion proceeds via the intermediate α-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and connects glycogen metabolism with glucose utilization pathways 1. PGM1 additionally participates in cytoplasmic biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars required for glycan biosynthesis, bridging carbohydrate and protein glycosylation pathways 12. PGM1 deficiency causes phosphoglucomutase 1 congenital disorder of glycosylation (PGM1-CDG), a multisystem disease previously classified as glycogen storage disorder XIV 3. Clinical manifestations include cleft palate, hepatic dysfunction, hypoglycemia, myopathy, and life-threatening dilated cardiomyopathy 34. Notably, neurological involvement occurs in approximately 41% of reported cases and can manifest independently of hypoglycemia 5. Unlike most CDG disorders, PGM1-CDG responds to oral d-galactose supplementation, which improves liver, endocrine, and coagulation abnormalities 3. However, galactose therapy does not prevent cardiomyopathy, which remains the primary life-threatening complication 4. Recent therapeutic approaches including AAV-mediated gene replacement show promise in preventing and halting cardiac disease progression in animal models 4.

Sources cited
1
PGM1 catalyzes bidirectional interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate and participates in nucleotide sugar biosynthesis for glycan synthesis
PMID: 32221390
2
PGM1 deficiency disrupts glycogen and glucose metabolism pathways and is associated with muscle glycogenosis
PMID: 28737584
3
PGM1-CDG is a multisystem disorder with presentation including cleft palate, hepatic dysfunction, hypoglycemia, and cardiomyopathy; d-galactose is an effective treatment
PMID: 32681750
4
Neurological involvement occurs in approximately 41% of PGM1-CDG patients and can occur independently of hypoglycemia
PMID: 30262252
5
PGM1-CDG causes dilated cardiomyopathy with excessive glycogen accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction; AAV gene therapy prevents disease progression
PMID: 36709920
Disease Associationsⓘ21
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylationOpen Targets
0.84Strong
congenital disorder of glycosylationOpen Targets
0.70Strong
congenital disorder of glycosylation type IOpen Targets
0.56Moderate
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.52Moderate
disorder of glycogen metabolismOpen Targets
0.50Moderate
Glycogen storage disease due to phosphoglucomutase deficiencyOpen Targets
0.50Moderate
Alacrimia-choreoathetosis-liver dysfunction syndromeOpen Targets
0.50Moderate
congenital disorder of deglycosylationOpen Targets
0.50Moderate
congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1Open Targets
0.50Moderate
Glycogen storage disease due to glycogenin deficiencyOpen Targets
0.50Moderate
genetic disorderOpen Targets
0.45Moderate
type 1 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.42Moderate
adverse effectOpen Targets
0.29Weak
alcohol drinkingOpen Targets
0.27Weak
liver diseaseOpen Targets
0.24Weak
COVID-19Open Targets
0.14Weak
severe acute respiratory syndromeOpen Targets
0.14Weak
eye colorOpen Targets
0.10Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
Congenital disorder of glycosylation 1TUniProt
Pathogenic Variants44
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.1086dup (p.Gly363fs)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★★☆☆2026→ Residue 363
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.871G>A (p.Gly291Arg)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation|PGM1-related disorder
★★☆☆2025→ Residue 291
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.787G>T (p.Asp263Tyr)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation|not provided|PGM1-related disorder
★★☆☆2025→ Residue 263
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.1495C>T (p.Arg499Ter)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★★☆☆2025→ Residue 499
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.87_94del (p.Phe29fs)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★★☆☆2025→ Residue 29
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.1378_1379del (p.Ala461fs)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation|Inborn genetic diseases
★★☆☆2025→ Residue 461
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.1544G>A (p.Arg515Gln)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation|Congenital disorder of glycosylation
★★☆☆2025→ Residue 515
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.988G>C (p.Gly330Arg)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation|PGM1-related disorder
★★☆☆2025→ Residue 330
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.877C>T (p.Arg293Ter)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★★☆☆2024→ Residue 293
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.87_88del (p.Phe29fs)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★★☆☆2024→ Residue 29
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.112A>T (p.Asn38Tyr)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation|not provided
★★☆☆2024→ Residue 38
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.157_158delinsG (p.Gln53fs)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation|not provided
★★☆☆2024→ Residue 53
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.1507C>T (p.Arg503Ter)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation|not provided
★★☆☆2024→ Residue 503
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.28_37del (p.Gln10fs)Pathogenic
not provided|PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★★☆☆2023→ Residue 10
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.649C>T (p.Arg217Ter)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation|not provided
★★☆☆2023→ Residue 217
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.1144+3A>TPathogenic
not provided
★★☆☆2023
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.1091del (p.Asn364fs)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★★☆☆2018→ Residue 364
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.313A>T (p.Lys105Ter)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★☆☆☆2025→ Residue 105
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.661del (p.Arg221fs)Pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★☆☆☆2025→ Residue 221
NM_002633.3(PGM1):c.1280+1G>CLikely pathogenic
PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation
★☆☆☆2025
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
TALDO1Protein interaction99%UGP2Protein interaction99%FUCA1Protein interaction95%PEPCProtein interaction95%PGCProtein interaction95%ENO3Protein interaction92%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Heart
100%
Liver
98%
Lung
27%
Brain
26%
Ovary
24%
Bone Marrow
5%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
PGM1TALDO1UGP2FUCA1PEPCPGCENO3
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB5JN5 · 1.75 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.19LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.94 [0.75–1.19]
RankingsWhere PGM1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #4,496of 20,598
    Most Researched106 · top quartile
  • #1,440of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants44
  • #12,473of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.19
Genes detectedPGM1
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Central nervous involvement is common in PGM1-CDG.
PMID: 30262252
Mol Genet Metab · 2018
1.00
2
Structural basis for substrate and product recognition in human phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) isoform 2, a member of the α-D-phosphohexomutase superfamily.
PMID: 32221390
Sci Rep · 2020
0.90
3
Update on new muscle glycogenosis.
PMID: 28737584
Curr Opin Neurol · 2017
0.80
4
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1T with a novel truncated homozygous mutation in PGM1 gene and literature review.
PMID: 30737079
Neuromuscul Disord · 2019
0.70
5
What have we learned about glycogenosis in recent years?
PMID: 27663060
Rev Neurol (Paris) · 2016
0.60