PRDM16 (PR/SET domain 16) is a transcriptional regulator that functions as both a transcriptional activator and repressor depending on cellular context 1. The protein plays critical roles in adipose tissue biology, particularly in brown and beige adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. PRDM16 controls adipose tissue plasticity by regulating metabolic programs - it promotes white adipose tissue beiging and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through activation of UCP1 expression 23. The protein also secretes β-hydroxybutyrate, a metabolite that blocks fibrogenesis and facilitates beige adipogenesis 4. In immune function, PRDM16 is essential for the development of tolerizing dendritic cells (tolDCs) that induce regulatory T cells specific for food and microbiota antigens, playing a crucial role in oral tolerance 1. Additionally, PRDM16 provides cytoprotection by suppressing ferroptosis through regulation of the NRF2/GPX4 axis, protecting against sepsis-induced acute kidney injury 5. Clinically, PRDM16 haploinsufficiency is associated with 1p36 deletion syndrome phenotypes 6, and vector insertions at the PRDM16 locus have been linked to hematologic malignancies in gene therapy patients 7.