PTAFR (platelet activating factor receptor) is a G protein-coupled receptor located on chromosome 1 that contains no introns and encodes a seven-transmembrane domain protein 1. As a receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid mediator, PTAFR mediates inflammatory responses through activation of phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger systems and phospholipase C signaling pathways. PTAFR exhibits broad involvement in pathological processes. In atherosclerosis, PTAFR acts as a hub gene regulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in macrophages and neutrophils, influencing disease progression and ischemic event risk 2. In gastroesophageal junction tumorigenesis, PTAF-PTAFR pathway activation promotes proliferation and proneoplastic features; pharmacologic PTAFR inhibition (WEB2086) suppresses tumor formation in vitro and in vivo 3. PTAFR also functions as an adipokine receptor; PRXL2A-PTAFR signaling activates AMPK to suppress hepatic de novo lipogenesis and lipid accumulation 4. PTAFR dysregulation associates with multiple inflammatory and immune diseases. It was identified as a core target in bisphenol A-induced psoriasis, with elevated expression correlating to immune cell infiltration 5. PTAFR appears in neutrophil extracellular trap-related gene signatures for lower-grade glioma prognosis 6 and oral inflammatory diseases 7. PTAFR hyperexpression in COVID-19 patients correlates with disease severity and thrombotic complications 8, suggesting its role as a platelet activation biomarker.