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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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RAI2
retinoic acid induced 2
Chromosome X · Xp22.13
NCBI Gene: 10742Ensembl: ENSG00000131831.19HGNC: HGNC:9835UniProt: B2RBE9
33PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindinganimal organ developmentnucleusembryo development ending in birth or egg hatchingbenign prostatic hyperplasiaDextrocardiacolorectal carcinomacolorectal cancer
✦AI Summary

RAI2 (retinoic acid induced 2) is a transcriptional coregulator that functions as a tumor suppressor across multiple cancer types. The protein contains a novel proline-rich domain and is expressed in various fetal and adult tissues including brain, heart, lung, and kidney 1. RAI2 acts as a master corepressor by binding to CtBP transcriptional regulators through repetitive short linear motifs (SLiMs), inducing CtBP polymerization and nuclear foci formation, which relieves CtBP's corepressor function 2. In cancer biology, RAI2 demonstrates critical tumor suppressor activities: it maintains genomic stability by ensuring mitotic fidelity and proper chromosome X 3, suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis 4, and prevents early hematogenous dissemination of cancer cells to bone marrow 5. Low RAI2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types including breast, prostate, gastric, and colorectal cancers 674. The protein functions through multiple pathways including inhibition of AKT signaling 45 and regulation of DNA damage response pathways 3. RAI2's expression is regulated by promoter methylation in colorectal cancer, where methylation serves as an independent poor prognostic marker 4.

Sources cited
1
RAI2 contains a proline-rich domain and is expressed in various fetal and adult tissues
PMID: 10049581
2
RAI2 binds CtBP through SLiMs and induces CtBP polymerization
PMID: 38898011
3
RAI2 maintains genomic stability and mitotic fidelity
PMID: 40696381
4
RAI2 suppresses cancer cell growth and inhibits AKT signaling
PMID: 29796120
5
RAI2 prevents early hematogenous dissemination and is associated with prognosis
PMID: 25716347
6
Low RAI2 expression associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer
PMID: 35652463
7
RAI2 acts as tumor suppressor in gastric cancer
PMID: 37899172
Disease Associationsⓘ20
benign prostatic hyperplasiaOpen Targets
0.30Weak
DextrocardiaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
colorectal cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
facial morphologyOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Absent tibia - polydactylyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
tibia, hypoplasia or aplasia of, with polydactylyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
AcheiropodiaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
hemoglobin D diseaseOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Acromesomelic dysplasia, Grebe typeOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Tibial aplasia - ectrodactylyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Hypoplastic tibiae - postaxial polydactylyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Blount diseaseOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
dominant beta-thalassemiaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
acheiropodyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
delta-beta-thalassemiaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
NHSProtein interaction80%CDKL5Protein interaction80%TIGD5Shared pathway50%MFRPShared pathway50%STOX2Shared pathway50%TLX3Shared pathway50%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Ovary
100%
Heart
69%
Lung
42%
Brain
11%
Liver
8%
Bone Marrow
1%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
RAI2NHSCDKL5TIGD5MFRPSTOX2TLX3
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB8ATI · 2.60 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.69LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.69Intermediate
Observed/Expected LoF0.33 [0.17–0.69]
RankingsWhere RAI2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #11,395of 20,598
    Most Researched33
  • #5,183of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.69
Genes detectedRAI2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Identification and characterization of the human homologue (RAI2) of a mouse retinoic acid-induced gene in Xp22.
PMID: 10049581
Genomics · 1999
1.00
2
Expression Patterns and Corepressor Function of Retinoic Acid-induced 2 in Prostate Cancer.
PMID: 35652463
Clin Chem · 2022
0.90
3
Retinoic acid-induced 2 deficiency impairs genomic stability in breast cancer.
PMID: 40696381
Breast Cancer Res · 2025
0.80
4
Master corepressor inactivation through multivalent SLiM-induced polymerization mediated by the oncogene suppressor RAI2.
PMID: 38898011
Nat Commun · 2024
0.70
5
RAI2 acts as a tumor suppressor with functional significance in gastric cancer.
PMID: 37899172
Aging (Albany NY) · 2023
0.60