RAN is a small GTPase that plays essential roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport and mitotic regulation. As the central regulator of nuclear transport, RAN switches between GDP-bound (cytoplasmic) and GTP-bound (nuclear) states to control cargo loading and release by transport receptors, ensuring directional transport between nucleus and cytoplasm 1. RAN also facilitates nuclear protein export through interaction with RanGAP1, promoting hydrolysis of Ran•GTP to Ran•GDP and cargo release 1. Beyond transport functions, RAN is critical for mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome 12, with its GTP-bound form triggering microtubule assembly at mitotic chr12. In disease contexts, RAN has clinical significance in cancer, where genetic polymorphisms show associations with cancer susceptibility 2 and RAN regulation affects tumor growth in pancreatic cancer 3. Additionally, RAN is involved in repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation, a pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS/FTD, where structured repeat RNAs activate PKR signaling and increase toxic RAN protein levels 4. This diverse functionality makes RAN a potential therapeutic target across multiple disease contexts.