RANBP10 is a multifunctional adapter protein with roles in transcriptional regulation, protein degradation, and cellular proliferation. As a core component of the CTLH E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, RANBP10 mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of target proteins including the transcription factor HBP1 1. It acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAN GTPase and functions as a transcriptional coactivator, enhancing androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) transactivation 2. RanBP10 plays important roles in disease pathogenesis. In non-small cell lung cancer, RANBP10 and its paralog RANBP9 function as partial antagonists regulating CTLH complex output; higher RANBP9/RANBP10 ratios correlate with increased proliferation, while elevated RANBP10 slows cell proliferation 3. In glioblastoma, RANBP10 overexpression promotes progression by suppressing the FBXW7 promoter, stabilizing c-Myc 4. In Huntington's disease, elevated RANBP10 expression impairs neuronal morphology and cytoskeletal dynamics; miR-196a-mediated RANBP10 suppression enhances β-tubulin polymerization and provides neuroprotection 5. RANBP10 may also contribute to DNA damage responses 6 and participates in cell cycle progression through interactions with YPEL5 7. During erythropoiesis, stage-dependent RANBP10-CTLH-UBE2H modules regulate differentiation and enucleation 8.