RNASE2 encodes ribonuclease A family member 2, an enzyme with pyrimidine-specific nuclease activity and diverse immunomodulatory functions. The protein serves as a key mediator of innate immune responses, particularly in inflammatory conditions. RNASE2 promotes the expansion of age-associated B cells (ABCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus through monocyte-derived IL-10 production, contributing to autoantibody generation and disease pathogenesis 1. In respiratory contexts, RNASE2 expression is upregulated following nasal stimulation and associated with antiviral responses through Toll-like receptor activation 2. The protein demonstrates oncogenic properties in lung adenocarcinoma, where elevated RNASE2 expression correlates with poor prognosis and promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, with regulation by miR-185-5p 3. RNASE2 also functions as a biomarker for various pathological states, including sepsis-associated mitochondrial oxidative stress 4 and serves as a predictive indicator for acute cellular rejection in liver transplantation 5. In asthmatic patients, RNASE2 is expressed in atypical CD4+ T cell subsets, suggesting involvement in sustained allergic inflammation 6. These findings establish RNASE2 as a multifunctional protein with significant roles in immune regulation, inflammation, and disease progression.