RNASE7 encodes ribonuclease 7, a potent antimicrobial peptide of the RNase A superfamily with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity 1. The protein exhibits remarkable antimicrobial efficacy against uropathogenic E. coli and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, with lethal doses below 30 nM 2. RNase7's bactericidal mechanism involves loss of bacterial membrane integrity, independent of its RNase catalytic activity 1. The peptide is constitutively expressed in skin and urinary epithelium, where it contributes to urinary tract sterility and cutaneous defense 1. Expression is induced by inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ) in endothelial and epithelial cells 3, and negatively regulated by microRNA-762 in corneal epithelium 4. Beyond antimicrobial defense, RNase7 acts as a high-affinity ligand for receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1, promoting ROS1-mediated oncogenic transformation in hepatocellular carcinoma 5. Clinical significance includes downregulated RNase7 expression in allergic rhinitis and hidradenitis suppurativa, suggesting compromised antimicrobial defense in these conditions 67. Genetic variation rs1263872 in RNASE7 reduces antimicrobial activity and associates with increased pediatric urinary tract infection susceptibility 8.