SLC16A5 (monocarboxylate transporter 6, MCT6) is a proton-linked organic anion transporter localized to basolateral and apical membranes with distinct substrate specificity. Unlike classical monocarboxylate transporters, SLC16A5 transports organic anions such as bumetanide, probenecid, and nateglinide in a pH- and membrane potential-sensitive manner 1, while not transporting typical monocarboxylates like lactate 1. Recent evidence reveals SLC16A5 functions as a chloride-sensitive organic anion transporter when complexed with CD147 2. Metabolomic analyses demonstrate SLC16A5's role in lipid and amino acid homeostasis 3. Clinically, SLC16A5 downregulation through DNA hypermethylation associates with poor prognosis in prostate cancer 4, neuroblastoma 5, and breast cancer 6. A protein-coding variant (rs4788863) in SLC16A5 provides protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in testicular cancer patients 7. As a diagnostic biomarker, SLC16A5 shows moderate individual performance (AUC=0.62) but significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy when combined with SCUBE2 in prostate cancer detection 8. These findings suggest SLC16A5 modulation represents a promising therapeutic target for cancer management.