SLC38A10 (solute carrier family 38 member 10) is a bidirectional amino acid transporter localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus 1. Beyond amino acid transport, SLC38A10 functions as an organic cation transporter, facilitating uptake of hydrophobic cations including clonidine, MDMA, and nicotine 2. The transporter plays a critical role in regulating nascent protein synthesis; SLC38A10 knockdown reduces protein synthesis by >40% in vitro, suggesting a transceptor-like signaling function 1. In vivo studies demonstrate SLC38A10 involvement in amino acid homeostasis, with knockout mice showing reduced plasma threonine and histidine levels in males 3. Genome-wide association studies identify SLC38A10 as a genetic regulator of immunoglobulin glycosylation, linking it to immune function and complex immune diseases 45. Clinically, SLC38A10 emerges as a biomarker across multiple conditions: an extramembrane fragment correlates with Alzheimer's disease severity in plasma and CSF 6, and differential serum expression distinguishes hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhosis 7. Genetic variants in SLC38A10 associate with vitamin D deficiency risk in elderly populations 8. These findings suggest SLC38A10 functions in nutrient sensing and protein synthesis regulation with implications for neurodegeneration and metabolic disease.