SLC41A3 is a Na+/Mg2+ exchanger that serves as a predominant Mg2+ efflux system at the mitochondrial inner membrane 1. The protein belongs to the solute carrier family 41, which shares distant homology with bacterial Mg2+ transporter MgtE 2. In the kidney, SLC41A3 functions as a basolateral Mg2+ extrusion mechanism in the distal convoluted tubule, working alongside CNNM2 to facilitate Na+-dependent Mg2+ export 31. Studies using SLC41A3-knockout mice provide in vivo evidence supporting its role in Mg2+ extrusion 4. The transporter is highly expressed in the distal convoluted tubule and has been validated as a bona fide Mg2+ transporter with sufficient experimental evidence 5. Disease relevance includes associations with sarcopenia, where a deleterious frameshift deletion in SLC41A3 was identified as a risk factor, potentially affecting myogenin expression and muscle maintenance 6. Additionally, SLC41A3 shows altered expression in liver hepatocellular carcinoma, where higher expression correlates with advanced pathological stages and poorer prognosis 7. The protein's dual role in mitochondrial and plasma membrane Mg2+ homeostasis makes it clinically significant for understanding hypomagnesemia and related metabolic disorders.