SNCB (synuclein beta) is a small, soluble neural protein belonging to the synuclein family, which arose through whole-genome duplications in early vertebrate evolution 1. Located on chromosome 5, SNCB is highly expressed in brain tissue, particularly in presynaptic terminals and the substantia nigra 23. Mechanistically, SNCB functions as a neuroprotective antagonist to alpha-synuclein (SNCA), inhibiting phospholipase D2 and protecting neurons from apoptosis induced by oxidative stressors through p53-dependent pathways 3. Unlike SNCA, SNCB is poor at assembling into filaments and is notably absent from Lewy body pathology characteristic of Parkinson's disease 4. In disease contexts, SNCB shows complex associations with neurodegenerative conditions. While SNCA mutations cause familial Parkinson's disease, the pathogenic role of SNCB genetic variants remains unclear 5. However, reduced SNCB expression correlates with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), with disease-specific genetic variants and haplotypes identified in DLB patients 6. SNCB functions as a non-amyloid component in Alzheimer's disease plaques and contributes to neuroprotection through metal ion binding and synaptic regulation 7. Understanding SNCB's protective mechanisms may inform therapeutic strategies for synucleinopathies.