SNCG (synuclein gamma) is a cytoplasmic and synaptic protein involved in neurofilament network integrity and axonal architecture 1. Evolutionarily, SNCG arose from whole-genome duplications in vertebrates, establishing it as one of three classical synuclein genes present across jawed vertebrate lineages 1. In neurons, SNCG functions as an RGC-selective promoter for gene therapy delivery and supports neuroprotection in glaucoma models 2. In peripheral tissues, SNCG is regulated by PPARγ in adipocytes, where it modulates lipid droplet dynamics and metabolism, though this regulation does not extend to dorsal root ganglia neurons 3. Pathologically, SNCG is consistently upregulated in multiple cancers including gastric, bladder, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, where it promotes tumor progression through AKT/ERK and ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways 4567. SNCG overexpression correlates with increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while SNCG silencing significantly reduces tumor growth and invasiveness 567. In bladder cancer, SNCG downregulation suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression 6. Gene regulation involves DNA methylation in a cell-type-specific manner and microRNA-107-mediated suppression 87. These findings position SNCG as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in cancer.