SNRPA (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A) is a core component of the U1 snRNP complex essential for pre-mRNA splicing initiation 1. As a spliceosomal protein, SNRPA binds U1 snRNA and facilitates 5' splice-site recognition, enabling subsequent spliceosome assembly 2. Beyond canonical splicing, SNRPA regulates alternative splicing of specific pre-mRNAs through direct binding; for example, it facilitates B7-H6 pre-mRNA maturation by promoting intron 2 splicing in hepatocellular carcinoma 3. SNRPA can also undergo post-translational modifications like lactylation at Lys123, which enhances its splicing recognition capabilities 4. Clinically, SNRPA is frequently elevated in multiple cancers and drives chemotherapy and targeted therapy resistance. In lung adenocarcinoma, SNRPA overexpression confers cisplatin resistance by modulating ERCC1 exon 8 splicing and DNA repair 1. In hepatocellular carcinoma, elevated SNRPA correlates with poor survival and promotes lenvatinib resistance via B7-H6-STAT3/AKT signaling 3. In pancreatic cancer, SNRPA accumulation drives gemcitabine resistance through mTORC1 pathway activation and glycolysis promotion 5. In castration-resistant prostate cancer, SNRPA overexpression enhances mitochondrial complex I function and ATP production, driving aggressive phenotypes 6. Additionally, stromal lactate-induced SNRPA lactylation promotes androgen receptor splicing and ADT resistance 4. These findings establish SNRPA as a therapeutic target across multiple cancers.