SOX2 is a master transcription factor critical for embryonic stem cell pluripotency and neural stem cell maintenance 1. It functions as a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates genes involved in embryonic development and controls differentiation by suppressing neuronal differentiation and counteracting proneural proteins [UniProt data]. Beyond developmental roles, SOX2 exhibits significant oncogenic properties in multiple cancer types. In colorectal cancer, SOX2 drives chemoresistance and cancer stem cell properties through β-catenin and Beclin1/autophagy signaling, activating the ABCC2 drug transporter 2. SOX2 also promotes vasculogenic mimicry by accelerating glycolysis via the lncRNA AC005392.2-GLUT1 axis 3. In glioblastoma, SOX2 enhances human cytomegalovirus gene expression by downregulating promyelocytic leukemia protein 4. In bladder cancer, SOX2 promotes invasion through dual mechanisms involving SKP2-Sp1-HUR-FOXO1 and nucleolin-MMP2 axes 5. Clinically, SOX2 amplification at chromosome 3 serves as a prognostic marker in laryngeal precancerous lesions and correlates with poor outcomes in multiple cancer types 67. These cancer-promoting functions make SOX2 an attractive but challenging therapeutic target due to its transcription factor nature 8.