SREBF1 (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1) is a master transcriptional regulator of lipogenic gene expression that controls de novo lipid synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis. As a key lipogenic transcription factor, SREBF1 activates genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis 1. The protein functions through a regulated activation mechanism: in response to sterol depletion, SREBF1 is cleaved and translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, enabling nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity 2. SREBF1 plays critical roles in both normal metabolism and disease. In hepatocytes, SREBF1 expression is suppressed by AMPK activation, a key mechanism underlying the glucose-lowering and lipid-improving effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes 3. In cancer cells, SREBF1 concurrently regulates lipid synthesis and lipophagy to maintain cholesterol homeostasis and support rapid tumor growth 4. SREBF1 is also implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), where its activation promotes hepatic steatosis through upregulation of lipogenic enzymes like SCD1 1. Recent evidence identifies SREBF1 as a disease-relevant transcription factor in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis 5. Therapeutic targeting of SREBF1 through protein degradation or translocation inhibition shows promise for treating metabolic diseases and cancers characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism 26.