STMN1 (stathmin 1) is a microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein that regulates microtubule dynamics by promoting depolymerization and preventing assembly. Phosphorylation at serine residues modulates its activity; notably, phosphorylation at Ser-16 may be required for axon formation during neurogenesis. Beyond its canonical microtubule function, STMN1 participates in signal transduction pathways including p38MAPK/STAT1 and PI3K/Akt signaling. STMN1 is consistently upregulated across multiple cancer types and associated with poor prognosis. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), phosphorylated STMN1 maintains microtubule destabilization and promotes paclitaxel resistance 1; the MEK/ERK/STMN1 axis has emerged as a therapeutic target, with Paris saponin VII suppressing this pathway to inhibit TNBC progression 2. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), STMN1 promotes metastasis through both microtubule-dependent mechanisms and microtubule-independent pathways involving HMGA1 interaction and p38MAPK activation 3. Overexpression of STMN1 correlates with worse overall and disease-free survival in NSCLC 4. In esophageal cancer, low STMN1 expression associates with superior survival 5. STMN1 also promotes docetaxel chemoresistance in prostate cancer through Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation 6 and serves as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer neoadjuvant therapy response 7. In hepatocellular carcinoma, STMN1 functions as a dual hub in lactate metabolism and ferroptosis resistance 8. Outside oncology, STMN1 upregulation contributes to intervertebral disc degeneration via the STMN1-IGFBP5 axis 9.