TAAR1 is a G-protein coupled receptor that recognizes diverse endogenous trace amines including β-phenylethylamine, 3-iodothyronamine, and various other metabolites, as well as psychoactive substances like amphetamine and methamphetamine 12. Unlike classical biogenic amine receptors, TAAR1 is unresponsive to epinephrine and histamine 3. The receptor employs a primary amine recognition pocket with a conserved acidic residue (D3.32) for ligand binding, complemented by extended binding pockets enabling diverse ligand selectivity 13. Mechanistically, TAAR1 displays ligand-dependent G-protein coupling: cadaverine activates Gi/o proteins inhibiting adenylate cyclase, β-PEA and T1AM activate Gs proteins stimulating adenylate cyclase, while cyclohexylamine and isoamylamine couple to Gq/G11 proteins activating phospholipase C 13. In neurons, TAAR1 activation decreases basal firing rates and reduces neurotransmitter receptor sensitivity 1. Clinically, TAAR1 agonists show therapeutic potential for schizophrenia and psychostimulant addiction by negatively regulating dopaminergic transmission in the mesocorticolimbic system 45. However, recent clinical trials demonstrate that TAAR1 agonists (ulotaront and ralmitaront) show modest efficacy compared to placebo in acute schizophrenia and reduced effectiveness versus dopamine D2 antagonists 6, though they present a relatively benign side-effect profile 6.