TAF10 is a subunit of the TFIID basal transcription factor complex, which plays a central role in initiating RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription by recognizing promoters and assembling the preinitiation complex 1. Beyond TFIID, TAF10 is also a component of other transcriptional complexes including PCAF, TFTC, and STAGA 234. TAF10 function is regulated through posttranslational modifications: LOXL2 enzymatically oxidizes methylated TAF10 lysine residues, causing its release from promoters and blocking TFIID-dependent transcription, particularly affecting pluripotency genes during neural progenitor differentiation 5. TAF10 participates in cell differentiation processes including nervous system development, adipogenesis, myogenesis, and epidermal differentiation 6. Clinically, TAF10 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), where high expression correlates with poor prognosis and elevated tumor stemness scores; silencing TAF10 inhibits LUAD cell proliferation and tumor sphere formation 7. Additionally, TAF10 serves as a hub gene associated with bladder urothelial carcinoma prognosis and immune microenvironment composition 8. TAF10 knockout is embryonic lethal in mice, demonstrating its essential role in early development and transcription 9. TAF10 interacts with GATA1 to regulate erythropoiesis, illustrating cell-type-specific transcriptional cross talk 10.