TEX10 (testis expressed 10) functions as a multifunctional scaffolding protein with roles in ribosome biogenesis and transcriptional regulation. As a core component of the rixosome (Rix1 complex), TEX10 associates with PELP1 and WDR18 to facilitate nucleolar 28S rRNA maturation and nucleoplasmic transit of pre-60S ribosomal subunits 123. TEX10 also participates in the Five Friends of Methylated CHTOP (5FMC) complex, where it contributes to ZNF148 desumoylation and transactivation of target genes. Additionally, TEX10 functions as a pluripotency factor essential for spermatogenesis and primordial germ cell development, with TEX10-null spermatocytes arresting at metaphase I 4. Mechanistically, TEX10 binds H3K4me3-marked promoters of Wnt signaling negative regulators, thereby restraining Wnt pathway activity 4. In cancer contexts, TEX10 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and metastasis via STAT3 interaction and p300-mediated STAT3 acetylation, while also maintaining cancer stem cell properties and chemoresistance 56. TEX10 expression is also dysregulated in prostate cancer through the LINC00624/TEX10/NF-κB axis 7. Clinically, TEX10 variants are identified as potential candidates for male infertility 8.