TINAGL1 (tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1) is a secreted matricellular protein with context-dependent roles in disease progression. In breast cancer, TINAGL1 suppresses triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression and metastasis by simultaneously inhibiting integrin/FAK and EGFR signaling pathways through direct binding to integrin α5β1, αvβ1, and EGFR 1. High TINAGL1 expression correlates with improved prognosis and better recurrence-free survival in ER-positive breast cancer 2. TINAGL1 gene therapy shows therapeutic potential, slowing tumor growth while increasing tumor vasculature without promoting metastasis 3. Conversely, TINAGL1 demonstrates pathogenic functions in gastrointestinal and fibrotic diseases. In Helicobacter pylori infection, TINAGL1 promotes bacterial colonization and gastritis by suppressing CCL21 and activating NF-κB signaling, reducing protective immune responses 4. In Crohn's disease, mesenteric adipose-derived exosomal TINAGL1 enhances intestinal fibrosis via SMAD4 interaction with the TGF-β pathway 5. TINAGL1 is a component of renal and pulmonary extracellular matrices, undergoing peroxidasin-mediated tyrosine bromination 67. The protein also plays roles in female fertility, with TINAGL1-deficient mice exhibiting impaired pregnancy outcomes 8.