TIPARP (TCDD inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of single ADP-ribose units onto target proteins, specifically modifying glutamate, aspartate, and cysteine residues 1. The enzyme functions as a negative regulator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) through mono-ADP-ribosylation, inhibiting AHR's transcriptional activity 2. TIPARP also targets transcription factors like FRA1, where ADP-ribosylation prevents protein degradation and suppresses IRF1- and IRF3-dependent apoptotic pathways 1. The protein negatively regulates type I interferon signaling in cancer cells, and its inhibition restores nucleic acid sensing responses that can trigger antitumor immunity 3. TIPARP demonstrates antiviral properties against alphaviruses by promoting viral protein degradation through ubiquitination 4. Clinically, TIPARP expression is elevated in various pathological conditions including ischemic stroke, where it contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and brain injury 5, and in glaucoma patients, where it regulates intraocular pressure through modulation of extracellular matrix proteins 6. These diverse functions make TIPARP a potential therapeutic target for stroke, cancer, and ocular diseases.