TNFRSF12A encodes a receptor for TNFSF12/TWEAK that plays critical roles in tissue remodeling, fibrosis, and immune responses. The receptor promotes angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation 1, while serving as a weak inducer of apoptosis in certain cell types. In pathological contexts, TNFRSF12A functions as a key mediator of fibrotic processes, with elevated expression observed in liver cirrhosis where it participates in pro-fibrogenic signaling pathways within scar-associated cellular niches 2. The receptor is significantly upregulated in biliary atresia, where genetic ablation or blockade suppresses liver injury, inflammation, and bile duct abnormalities, establishing it as a potential therapeutic target 3. TNFRSF12A also contributes to cancer progression, being highly expressed in stomach adenocarcinoma where it promotes cell migration and invasion 4, and in gliomas where it's associated with poor prognosis 5. Additionally, the receptor is involved in immune cell interactions and has been identified as a biomarker for early osteoarthritis detection 6. Its expression in various cell types, including fibroblasts and immune cells, positions TNFRSF12A as a central mediator of tissue inflammation and remodeling processes.