TNFRSF1B (TNF receptor superfamily member 1B) is a TNF receptor mediating metabolic and immunoregulatory functions. The receptor binds TNF with high affinity and recruits TRAF1/TRAF2 complexes to suppress apoptosis through BIRC2/BIRC3 recruitment, with isoform 2 specifically blocking TNF-induced apoptosis [UniProt]. TNFRSF1B regulates T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and myelination while modulating neuroinflammatory responses [GO Annotations]. Clinically, TNFRSF1B variants associate with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, with the rs3397C allele significantly increasing RA susceptibility and worse anti-TNF drug response 1. In ovarian cancer, TNFRSF1B marks exhausted CD8+ T cells correlating with poor prognosis; TNFRSF1B blockade inhibited tumor growth by remodeling the immune microenvironment 2. TNFRSF1B expression on regulatory T cells, upregulated by lactate via histone lactylation, promotes immunosuppression in malignant pleural effusion progression 3. In multiple sclerosis, a 11-protein CSF signature including TNFRSF1B predicted disability severity (AUC=0.90) 4. TNFRSF1B also associates with non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk and chr1 pain conditions through genetic and proteomic analyses 56. Additionally, TNFRSF1B upregulation appears involved in polyethylene microplastic-induced oocyte damage through inflammation 7.