TOR1B (torsin family 1 member B) is a member of the AAA+ chaperone protein family that plays critical roles in cellular homeostasis and protein folding. The protein is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope, where it may function as a molecular chaperone 1. TOR1B shares high homology with torsinA and forms protein complexes with it, suggesting overlapping functions in maintaining ER and nuclear envelope integrity 1. The gene is located adjacent to TOR1A on chromosome 9 and belongs to a larger family of torsin-related genes with evolutionary conservation across multiple species 2. TOR1B demonstrates responsiveness to cellular stress, particularly under hypoxic conditions, and plays a role in cellular adaptation mechanisms 3. In disease contexts, TOR1B has emerged as a prognostic biomarker, with overexpression associated with poorer outcomes in basal-like breast cancer and serving as a predictor of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients 43. Additionally, genetic variants in the TOR1A/TOR1B region show associations with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and focal dystonia, highlighting the clinical relevance of this gene family in multiple pathological conditions 56.