TREML1 is a cell surface receptor expressed on myeloid cells that functions in innate immune responses 1. As part of the TREM-like transcript family, TREML1 exhibits diverse immunological roles with both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities 1. The receptor is implicated in platelet activation and leukocyte-platelet aggregate formation 2, contributing to immune cell signaling and coagulation processes 1. In neurodegenerative disease contexts, TREML1 shows potential relevance to neuroinflammation: rare variants in TREML1 were identified as potential risk associations in Parkinson's disease, with elevated expression possibly reflecting neuroinflammatory mechanisms 3. In Alzheimer's disease, regulatory variants affecting TREML1 expression associate with altered disease risk; increased TREML1 brain levels correlate with reduced AD risk when co-elevated with TREM2 4. TREML1 expression may be regulated by genetic variants within the TREM gene cluster, with protective variants increasing its transcript abundance 45. Outside neuroinflammation, TREML1 was identified as a protective factor in polycystic ovary syndrome models 6 and appears dysregulated in post-COVID POTS, where elevated levels associate with immune dysfunction 7. The therapeutic potential of TREML1 targeting remains to be fully elucidated.