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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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TRIM56
tripartite motif containing 56
Chromosome 7 · 7q22.1
NCBI Gene: 81844Ensembl: ENSG00000169871.14HGNC: HGNC:19028UniProt: Q9BRZ2
98PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingRNA bindingpositive regulation of innate immune responsepositive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionneurodegenerative diseasegliomaneoplasmglioblastoma multiforme
✦AI Summary

TRIM56 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that serves as a critical regulator of innate antiviral immunity and cellular homeostasis. Functionally, TRIM56 mediates lysine-63-linked ubiquitination of STING1 and cGAS in response to double-stranded DNA, promoting their oligomerization and activation of type I interferon production 1. Additionally, TRIM56 enhances TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling through TAK1 ubiquitination and potentiates TLR3-mediated antiviral responses independently of its E3 ligase activity 1. TRIM56 acts as a viral restriction factor, directly interacting with Zika virus RNA to limit infection 1. Beyond antiviral immunity, TRIM56 exhibits pleiotropic cellular functions. It promotes white adipose tissue browning by degrading TLE3 through K48-linked ubiquitination, enhancing thermogenesis and protecting against obesity 2. However, TRIM56 demonstrates oncogenic activity in multiple cancers: in gliomas, it promotes migration and invasion via IQGAP1-CDC42 axis modulation 3; in pancreatic cancer, it drives progression through TRAF6/NF-κB activation 4; and in ovarian cancer, it facilitates NNMT stabilization promoting metastasis 5. Pathologically, TRIM56 aggravates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by ubiquitinating and degrading KLF4 6, and contributes to diabetic kidney disease by modulating AMPKα ubiquitination in podocytes 7. These findings indicate TRIM56 functions as a context-dependent regulator with therapeutic implications across inflammatory, metabolic, and malignant diseases.

Sources cited
1
TRIM56 functions as E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating K63-linked ubiquitination of STING1 and cGAS for innate immunity, potentiates TLR3 signaling, and acts as viral restriction factor
PMID: 36902478
2
TRIM56 promotes white adipose tissue browning by degrading TLE3 through K48-linked ubiquitination, protecting against diet-induced obesity
PMID: 39928840
3
TRIM56 promotes glioma cell migration and invasion by promoting IQGAP1 ubiquitination transition to activate CDC42
PMID: 36870986
4
TRIM56 promotes pancreatic cancer progression through TRAF6/NF-κB axis activation, with elevated expression correlating to poor prognosis
PMID: 40542888
5
TRIM56 promotes ovarian cancer progression by preventing NNMT ubiquitination and degradation through nonenzymatic protein interaction
PMID: 39887931
6
TRIM56 aggravates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting KLF4 K48-linked ubiquitination-dependent degradation and neuronal ferroptosis
PMID: 41214892
7
TRIM56 contributes to diabetic kidney disease by modulating AMPKα ubiquitination, leading to podocyte mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation
PMID: 39349450
8
TRIM56 participates in intervertebral disc degeneration through ATR-TRIM56 complex disassembly affecting ATR ubiquitination patterns during NP cell senescence
PMID: 38488012
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.34Weak
gliomaOpen Targets
0.10Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
glioblastoma multiformeOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
Miyoshi myopathyOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
nail-patella syndromeOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Zika virus infectious diseaseOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
infectionOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
obesityOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
COVID-19Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
hair colorOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
bladder transitional cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
FTH1-related iron overloadOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
hemochromatosis type 5Open Targets
0.04Suggestive
diabetic nephropathyOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
STING1Protein interaction90%TRIM32Protein interaction86%FAF2Protein interaction81%TRIM38Protein interaction75%CGASProtein interaction70%TRIM41Shared pathway31%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Lung
100%
Ovary
93%
Liver
52%
Heart
42%
Brain
21%
Bone Marrow
17%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
TRIM56STING1TRIM32FAF2TRIM38CGASTRIM41
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB5JW7 · 2.85 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.97LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.01Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.59 [0.37–0.97]
RankingsWhere TRIM56 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #4,912of 20,598
    Most Researched98 · top quartile
  • #9,261of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.97
Genes detectedTRIM56
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Disassembly of the TRIM56-ATR complex promotes cytoDNA/cGAS/STING axis-dependent intervertebral disc inflammatory degeneration.
PMID: 38488012
J Clin Invest · 2024
1.00
2
The Functions of TRIM56 in Antiviral Innate Immunity and Tumorigenesis.
PMID: 36902478
Int J Mol Sci · 2023
0.90
3
TRIM56 Promotes White Adipose Tissue Browning to Attenuate Obesity by Degrading TLE3.
PMID: 39928840
Adv Sci (Weinh) · 2025
0.80
4
TRIM56 acts through the IQGAP1-CDC42 signaling axis to promote glioma cell migration and invasion.
PMID: 36870986
Cell Death Dis · 2023
0.70
5
The oncogenic role of TRIM56 in pancreatic cancer via the TRAF6/NF-kB axis.
PMID: 40542888
J Mol Histol · 2025
0.60