TRPC5 is a calcium-permeable cation channel predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, including the hippocampus, cerebellum, and amygdala, with restricted peripheral expression in the kidney and cardiovascular system 1. As a homotetrameric or heteromeric channel (particularly with TRPC1), TRPC5 is activated by receptors coupled to Gq and phospholipase C, G proteins, and diverse stimuli including nitric oxide, lysophospholipids, and cold 123. TRPC5 regulates calcium homeostasis and operates through partnerships with approximately 60 proteins, including calmodulin and IP3 receptors 1. Clinically, TRPC5 loss-of-function mutations on chromosome X cause severe neuropsychiatric phenotypes: male carriers develop obesity, anxiety, and autism-like behaviors, while female carriers experience postpartum depression with impaired maternal care 4. TRPC5 specifically functions in oxytocin neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to regulate innate behaviors including food seeking and maternal care 4. Beyond neurobiology, TRPC5 contributes to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis through regulation of endothelial and smooth muscle cell calcium dynamics, oxidative stress, and apoptosis 5. TRPC5 also mediates cold sensation in somatosensory neurons 6. The channel represents a promising therapeutic target for anxiety, depression, pain disorders, and cardiovascular diseases 72.