TRPV1 is a non-selective calcium-permeable cation channel primarily functioning as a sensor for noxious stimuli 1. The channel detects multiple pain-related triggers: temperatures above 42°C 2, acidic pH conditions (pH <6.5) 1, vanilloid compounds like capsaicin 3, and inflammatory mediators including bradykinin 1. Structurally, TRPV1 comprises four subunits with six transmembrane domains, and capsaicin stabilizes the open state through "pull-and-contact" interactions with the S4-S5 linker 3. In pain physiology, TRPV1 modulates nociceptive inputs across somatosensory and viscerosensory systems 4 and mediates inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia through phosphorylation by PKC 1. Beyond nociception, TRPV1 regulates body temperature and participates in immune responses in skin inflammation 5. Clinically, TRPV1 represents a validated therapeutic target for chr17 pain conditions including cancer, neuropathic, and musculoskeletal pain 6. While TRPV1 antagonists show efficacy, clinical application is limited by hyperthermia side effects 6. Conversely, TRPV1 agonists like capsaicin induce prolonged nociceptor defunctionalization with sustained analgesic effects 6. Emerging evidence indicates TRPV1 activation protects chondrocytes from ferroptosis and ameliorates osteoarthritis progression 7.