TSPAN10 is a tetraspanin protein belonging to the TspanC8 subfamily that regulates ADAM10 trafficking and function. TSPAN10 interacts directly with the transmembrane metalloprotease ADAM10, facilitating its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and enabling proper enzymatic maturation, cell surface trafficking, and substrate specificity 1. Beyond its canonical role in ADAM10 regulation, TSPAN10 has emerged as a significant genetic risk factor for multiple ocular and systemic diseases. Genome-wide association studies identified TSPAN10 variants within the NPLOC4-TSPAN10-PDE6G locus as strongly associated with strabismus susceptibility, with a C177Y substitution and frameshift deletion showing predicted functional effects; this locus accounts for approximately 8.4% of population-attributable risk for strabismus 234. Additionally, TSPAN10 is implicated in age-related macular degeneration as a putative causal gene identified through eQTL co-localization analysis in retinal tissue 5. TSPAN10 variants also associate with cataract risk 6. Beyond ophthalmology, TSPAN10 supports Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replication in astrocytoma cells, functioning independently of viral entry mechanisms 7. These findings position TSPAN10 as a multifunctional protein with clinical relevance to neurodevelopmental, age-related, and infectious diseases.