TSPAN7 (tetraspanin 7) is a four-span transmembrane protein that functions as a plasma membrane organizer, forming tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) through lateral association with other membrane proteins 1. In tissue regeneration, TSPAN7 serves as a limbal stem cell marker with functional roles in cell growth and tissue regeneration of corneal epithelium 2. TSPAN7 regulates lipid droplet formation and adipose tissue remodeling, influencing body weight and metabolic health through modulation of fat distribution and insulin sensitivity 3. The protein acts as a positive regulator of actin nucleation via the ARP2/3 complex, facilitating dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 transfer to T lymphocytes 4, with expression dynamically regulated during dendritic cell maturation 5. In neurological disease, TSPAN7 mutations impair synaptic integrity through disruption of the integrin β1/FAK/SRC signaling pathway, leading to autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability phenotypes 6. In glioma, reduced TSPAN7 expression correlates with poor prognosis, increased tumor-associated macrophage infiltration, and reduced immunotherapy response, suggesting TSPAN7 as a biomarker for predicting glioma immunotherapy efficacy 7. TSPAN7 participates in viral infection by organizing cofactors into distinct molecular platforms 1, positioning it as a multifunctional regulator relevant to metabolic, neurological, and neoplastic disease contexts.