TUBA3C encodes a testis-specific alpha-tubulin isoform that is a structural constituent of microtubules, particularly important for sperm motility and male fertility 1. The protein functions as part of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers that form microtubule protofilaments, with GTP-binding activity essential for microtubule dynamics. TUBA3C expression is significantly decreased in asthenozoospermia (poor sperm motility), suggesting its critical role in flagellar function 1. Chr13 abnormalities affecting TUBA3C, such as balanced reciprocal translocations involving chromosome 13.1 where TUBA3C is located, have been associated with sperm immotility and abnormal morphology leading to male infertility 2. Genome sequencing studies have identified biallelic missense mutations in TUBA3C in consanguineous families with hereditary male infertility 3. Beyond reproductive function, TUBA3C has been implicated in other cellular processes, with differential expression observed in aging spermatozoa 4, and potential roles in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease through vesicle trafficking mechanisms 5. The gene also shows prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma as part of mitotic cell cycle regulation 6.