VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) is a crucial regulator of both normal and pathological angiogenesis 1. The protein functions primarily as a growth factor that promotes vascular development through multiple mechanisms. VEGFA binds to receptors including KDR/VEGFR2 and activates downstream signaling pathways such as the VEGFR2/ERK pathway 2. The protein also interacts with the NRP-1 receptor to activate GAPVD1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling 3. VEGFA expression is regulated by transcription factors including HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions 4 and NF-κB in tumor contexts 5. The protein plays critical roles in tissue regeneration, promoting biliary epithelial cell-to-hepatocyte conversion in liver diseases 6 and enhancing cardiac function following myocardial infarction 7. However, VEGFA has complex disease associations. While therapeutic VEGFA delivery shows promise for regenerative medicine, elevated VEGFA expression promotes cancer progression by facilitating tumor angiogenesis 5 and cancer stem cell properties 3. In osteoarthritis, VEGFA overexpression contributes to disease progression 8. Anti-VEGFA therapies have proven effective in oncology and ophthalmology, with the first inhibitors approved in 2004-2006 for treating metastatic colorectal cancer and retinal diseases 1.