VNN1 (vanin 1) is a pantetheinase enzyme that hydrolyzes D-pantetheine into pantothenate (vitamin B5) and cysteamine, enabling pantothenic acid recycling 1. This enzymatic activity is central to its physiological roles: VNN1 supports coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis and maintains glutathione redox balance 2, processes critical for cellular adaptation to metabolic and oxidative stress 1. VNN1 also generates cysteamine, which participates in the host-dependent metabolism of bile acids, acting as an intestinal farnesoid X receptor antagonist 3. The enzyme is prominently expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and inflammatory tissues, where its expression increases during inflammatory conditions 2. VNN1 upregulation correlates with acute and chr6 inflammatory disease severity and is associated with reduced HDL-C levels and increased BMI 4. In acute pancreatitis, VNN1 mediates ROS release through interaction with S100A9, activating the NLRP3 inflammasome 5. Conversely, VNN1 overexpression in colonocytes enhances mucosal tolerance to colitis by boosting short-chain fatty acid production 2. VNN1 is emerging as a therapeutic target for inflammatory and metabolic diseases, with pharmacological inhibitors demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects 6.