XCR1 (X-C motif chemokine receptor 1) is a G-protein coupled receptor primarily expressed on type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) that serves as a critical mediator of adaptive immune responses. XCR1 functions as a receptor for XCL1 and XCL2 chemokines, transducing signals that increase intracellular calcium levels and promote dendritic cell activation and positioning 12. The XCL1-XCR1 axis plays essential roles in immune surveillance and tissue protection by supporting CD8+ T cell tissue residency, particularly in intestinal tissues, and facilitating dendritic cell-T cell interactions required for effective antitumor immunity 2. In pathological contexts, XCR1+ cDC1 cells have been identified as important drivers of liver inflammation in NASH, where they promote inflammatory T cell reprogramming and worsen disease progression 1. XCR1+ dendritic cells are also crucial for cross-presentation of viral and tumor antigens to CD8+ T cells, making them essential for antiviral and anticancer immune responses 34. Therapeutically, targeting the XCR1 pathway shows promise in cancer immunotherapy, where CXCR2 inhibition increases XCR1+ dendritic cell activation and enhances anti-PD1 efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma 5. Additionally, XCR1 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in osteoporosis, where its expression influences osteoblast differentiation 6.