ZPR1 is a zinc finger protein that functions as a critical regulator of cellular processes, particularly in neuronal development and disease. The protein acts as a signaling molecule that communicates proliferative growth signals from cytoplasm to nucleus and positively regulates cell cycle progression 1. ZPR1 plays essential roles in motor neuron function by interacting with survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and co-localizing in sub-nuclear bodies including gems and Cajal bodies 2. The protein regulates transcription by binding to RNA polymerase II and upregulating SMN2 expression 3. ZPR1 is crucial for maintaining genomic stability by preventing R-loop accumulation and DNA damage, working alongside senataxin in R-loop resolution 32. In spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), ZPR1 deregulation causes respiratory failure through downstream effects on HoxA5 levels in phrenic motor neurons 4. The protein also functions as an ATP-independent chaperone dedicated to eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) biogenesis, utilizing client GTP hydrolysis rather than ATP for regulation 5. Additionally, ZPR1 regulates unfolded protein response through liquid-liquid phase separation and can be targeted by bacterial effectors for immune evasion 6.