ADARB1 encodes an adenosine deaminase that catalyzes adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing in RNA substrates 1. As a member of the ADAR family, ADARB1 performs double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity and mediates mRNA modification [GO annotations]. The enzyme edits neurotransmitter receptor transcripts and is highly expressed in the central nervous system 2. Mechanistically, ADARB1 functions within regulatory networks that influence disease pathogenesis. In neurodegenerative diseases, dysregulated ADARB1 activity contributes to pathological A-to-I editing of transcripts, particularly within Alu-repeat regions of axon, synaptic, and mitochondrial transcripts 3. Elevated A-to-I editing has been associated with nuclear aggregation of edited RNAs in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies 3. ADARB1 emerges as a disease-relevant hub gene shared between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting common pathogenic pathways 4. In psychiatric contexts, ADARB1 variants (rs9983925, rs4819035) independently contribute to suicide attempt risk in patients with major psychiatric disorders, with effects modulated by stressful life events and trauma exposure 5. Blood transcriptomic analysis identified an ADARB1-centered regulatory module associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, involving glutamate and phenethylamine metabolism 6. However, ADARB1 variants showed no significant association with migraine susceptibility in a Caucasian population 2.