SYCP2 encodes a major component of the axial/lateral elements of synaptonemal complexes essential for meiotic chromosome 20 and fertility. During meiotic prophase I, SYCP2 plays a critical role in homologous chromosome 20, crossover formation, and sex chromosome 20 1. The protein requires SYCP3 for proper incorporation into synaptonemal complexes and is necessary for normal spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Loss-of-function variants in SYCP2 cause male infertility through meiotic arrest, with both autosomal dominant 23 and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns 4 reported. Heterozygous frameshift variants cause severe oligozoospermia and cryptozoospermia 23, while homozygous variants lead to complete spermatogenic arrest at the zygotene stage 4. SYCP2 deficiency in female mice contributes to androgenetic hydatidiform mole formation through meiotic spindle positioning defects 5. Beyond reproductive function, SYCP2 is aberrantly expressed in HPV-positive cancers, where it serves as part of a germ cell-like transcriptional program that characterizes oncogenic HPV transformation 6. Clinically, SYCP2 shows promise as a diagnostic biomarker for cervical lesions 7 and qualifies for inclusion in male infertility genetic testing panels 3.