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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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TEX12
testis expressed 12
Chromosome 11 · 11q23.1
NCBI Gene: 56158Ensembl: ENSG00000150783.11HGNC: HGNC:11734UniProt: Q9BXU0
17PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingcentrosomeciliary basal bodysynaptonemal complex assemblyalcohol drinkingmemory impairmentazoospermiacancer
✦AI Summary

TEX12 is a component of the synaptonemal complex (SC) central element that plays essential roles in meiotic chromosome 11 and male fertility 1. TEX12 forms a highly stable hetero-octameric complex with SYCE2, consisting of an SYCE2 tetramer and two TEX12 dimers that spontaneously assemble into filamentous structures resembling the SC central element 1. This SYCE2-TEX12 complex exhibits hierarchical fibrous assembly through coiled-coil interactions, forming 10-nm fibers that bundle into 40-nm micrometer-long fibers defining the SC's midline structure, similar to cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins 2. Beyond its meiotic function, TEX12 also localizes to centrosomes during meiosis independently of chromosome 11 3. Loss-of-function mutations in TEX12 cause male infertility, as demonstrated by a homozygous 5-bp deletion resulting in premature truncation that caused nonobstructive azoospermia in two brothers 4. Additionally, TEX12 expression is significantly downregulated in patients with spermatogenic failure, suggesting its critical role in early spermatogenesis 5. When aberrantly expressed in somatic cells, TEX12 functions as a cancer-testis antigen and contributes to pathological centrosome amplification, a hallmark of cancer development 3.

Sources cited
1
TEX12 forms stable hetero-octameric complex with SYCE2 and assembles into SC central element filaments
PMID: 22870393
2
SYCE2-TEX12 exhibits hierarchical fibrous assembly forming SC midline structure
PMID: 34373646
3
TEX12 localizes to centrosomes and causes centrosome amplification when aberrantly expressed
PMID: 34880391
4
Loss-of-function TEX12 mutations cause male infertility and nonobstructive azoospermia
PMID: 37012491
5
TEX12 expression is downregulated in patients with spermatogenic failure
PMID: 29932616
Disease Associationsⓘ20
alcohol drinkingOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
memory impairmentOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
azoospermiaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
partial chromosome Y deletionOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
primary ovarian insufficiencyOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
46,XX testicular disorder of sex developmentOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
46,XX gonadal dysgenesisOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 57Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 50Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 25Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 59Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 60Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 73Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 74Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 61Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 62Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 88Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
isochromosomy YpOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
spinocerebellar ataxia type 32Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
SYCE1Protein interaction100%SYCP2Protein interaction94%SYCE2Protein interaction92%C14orf39Protein interaction87%SYCP1Protein interaction83%SYCE3Protein interaction82%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Heart
100%
Ovary
60%
Brain
60%
Bone Marrow
45%
Lung
40%
Liver
40%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
TEX12SYCE1SYCP2SYCE2C14orf39SYCP1SYCE3
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB6HK9 · 1.45 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.81LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.11Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.78 [0.30–1.81]
RankingsWhere TEX12 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #15,138of 20,598
    Most Researched17
  • #16,607of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.81
Genes detectedTEX12
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
A Novel Frameshift Microdeletion of the TEX12 Gene Caused Infertility in Two Brothers with Nonobstructive Azoospermia.
PMID: 37012491
Reprod Sci · 2023
1.00
2
A molecular model for self-assembly of the synaptonemal complex protein SYCE3.
PMID: 31023827
J Biol Chem · 2019
0.90
3
Structural basis of meiotic chromosome synaptic elongation through hierarchical fibrous assembly of SYCE2-TEX12.
PMID: 34373646
Nat Struct Mol Biol · 2021
0.80
4
Centrosome dysfunction associated with somatic expression of the synaptonemal complex protein TEX12.
PMID: 34880391
Commun Biol · 2021
0.70
5
Structural analysis of the human SYCE2-TEX12 complex provides molecular insights into synaptonemal complex assembly.
PMID: 22870393
Open Biol · 2012
0.60