AMHR2 (anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2) is a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor located on chromosome 12.13 that mediates AMH signaling through TGF-β pathway activation. Upon AMH binding, AMHR2 forms a heteromeric complex with type I receptors, leading to phosphorylation and activation of SMAD transcriptional regulators 1. This receptor is expressed in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, granulosa cells, and mesenchyme adjacent to Müllerian ducts 2. AMHR2 plays critical roles in reproductive development and folliculogenesis. During male fetal development, AMH-AMHR2 signaling induces Müllerian duct regression 1. Postnatally, AMHR2 expression in granulosa cells is regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins, gonadotropins, and estrogens, and is particularly high in small antral follicles, regulating multiple folliculogenesis steps and neuroendocrine effects 34. Clinically, AMHR2 mutations cause persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS), a 46,XY disorder of sex development where affected males retain Müllerian-derived tissues despite normal virilization 1. Rare AMHR2 variants have been identified in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis 5. AMHR2 gene polymorphisms negatively correlate with live birth rates in assisted reproduction 6, while AMHR2 expression patterns help discriminate follicle maturity 4.