ARHGAP10 is a Rho GTPase-activating protein that functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating small GTPases, particularly Cdc42 and RhoA 12. The protein catalyzes conversion of active GTP-bound forms to inactive GDP-bound states, thereby suppressing cellular processes including proliferation, migration, and invasion 12. ARHGAP10 contains multiple functional domains including BAR, PH, RhoGAP, and SH3 domains, and exists in two alternatively spliced isoforms 3. The gene is widely expressed with high levels in brain and muscle, and its expression increases during cellular differentiation 4. In cancer contexts, ARHGAP10 is frequently downregulated in ovarian, colorectal, and prostate cancers, where low expression correlates with poor prognosis 125. The protein suppresses tumorigenicity through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of RhoA/AKT signaling pathways and cell cycle arrest 21. Additionally, ARHGAP10 functions as a microtubule-associated protein critical for osteoclast function and bone resorption 6. ARHGAP10 has also emerged as an autoantibody target in autoimmune encephalitis, suggesting additional roles in neurological disorders 7.