ARHGAP5 (Rho GTPase activating protein 5) is a GTPase-activating protein that negatively regulates Rho family GTPases by enhancing GTP hydrolysis, converting them from their active to inactive state 1. As one of over 70 human RhoGAP proteins, ARHGAP5 (p190B isoform) plays specialized roles in actin cytoskeleton regulation and cell signaling 1. Mechanistically, ARHGAP5 suppresses Rho GTPase activity to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration 23. Its expression is transcriptionally regulated by CREB1 and post-transcriptionally stabilized by miR-137 suppression 2. ARHGAP5 can be targeted by regulatory pathways: miR-1225-3p inhibits ARHGAP5 expression in diabetic kidney disease 4, while lncRNA ZFHX2-AS1 stabilizes ARHGAP5 mRNA through DKC1-mediated pseudouridylation modulation 3. Clinically, ARHGAP5 is significantly dysregulated across multiple cancers. Elevated ARHGAP5 expression associates with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer 2, promotes ovarian cancer metastasis via EMT 3, and serves as a prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukemia 5. ARHGAP5 was identified as a significantly mutated gene in gastric cancer 6. Additionally, ARHGAP5 participates in reproductive toxicity, where its downregulation via DEC1 suppression contributes to benz[a]anthracene-induced miscarriage 7. These findings identify ARHGAP5 as a multifunctional regulator with potential therapeutic importance in cancer and reproductive disorders.