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25 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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BAD
BCL2 associated agonist of cell death
Chromosome 11 · 11q13.1
NCBI Gene: 572Ensembl: ENSG00000002330.15HGNC: HGNC:936UniProt: Q92934
317PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Apoptosis
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingphospholipid bindinglipid bindingprotein kinase bindingneurodegenerative diseaseMODYneoplasmAlzheimer disease
✦AI Summary

BAD (BCL2-associated agonist of cell death) is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that primarily functions as a death promoter by sequestering anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, and Bcl-W, thereby preventing their inhibition of pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK proteins 1. This competition for binding disrupts protective heterodimerization and facilitates apoptosis initiation. Beyond canonical apoptosis, BAD exhibits context-dependent functions: phosphorylation at specific serine residues (S75, S99, S118) switches BAD between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival states, regulating glycolysis, autophagy, and cell cycle progression 2. BAD is expressed in both nucleated cells and platelets, where it plays distinct roles. In platelets, BAD interacts with glucokinase to regulate mitochondrial ATP production and platelet activation 1, with BAD deficiency impairing thrombotic responses. In immune cells, BAD-LAMP (LAMP5) controls TLR9 trafficking in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, influencing type I interferon responses 3. Clinically, BAD expression levels and phosphorylation patterns predict cancer prognosis, drug response, and chemosensitivity across various malignancies 2. These findings suggest BAD phosphorylation represents a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment and antithrombotic therapy.

Sources cited
1
BAD is a Bcl-2 pro-apoptotic family member that sequesters Bcl-XL and Bcl-2; in platelets, BAD interacts with glucokinase to regulate mitochondrial ATP production and platelet activation
PMID: 40109256
2
BAD phosphorylation at S75, S99, and S118 switches its function between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival states; BAD regulates glycolysis, autophagy, and cell cycle progression; BAD expression and phosphorylation patterns influence cancer prognosis, drug response, and chemosensitivity
PMID: 29175460
3
BAD-LAMP (LAMP5) controls TLR9 trafficking to late endosomes in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, limiting type I interferon expression by promoting TLR9 sorting
PMID: 29030552
⚠Limited data available — This gene has 3 indexed publications. Summary and analysis may be incomplete.
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.49Moderate
MODYOpen Targets
0.10Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
triple-negative breast cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
type 1 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
exercise-induced hyperinsulinismOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
rheumatoid arthritisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2Open Targets
0.07Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
breast carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 4Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 1Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 6Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
AKT1Protein interaction100%MAP2K1Protein interaction100%PPP3CCProtein interaction100%PPP3CBProtein interaction100%PPP3CAProtein interaction100%MAPK3Protein interaction99%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Brain
85%
Lung
63%
Ovary
60%
Heart
33%
Bone Marrow
23%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
BADAKT1MAP2K1PPP3CCPPP3CBPPP3CAMAPK3
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB9QNL · 1.30 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.89LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.41 [0.96–1.89]
RankingsWhere BAD stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #1,060of 20,598
    Most Researched317 · top 10%
  • #17,170of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.89
Genes detectedBAD
Sources retrieved25 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
25▼
1
There is no such thing as a bad boy: The Circumstances View of problem behavior.
PMID: 33570187
J Appl Behav Anal · 2021
1.00
2
Breaking bad news.
PMID: 11775763
Am Fam Physician · 2001
0.90
3
Biographical lives and organ conscription.
PMID: 36520353
Theor Med Bioeth · 2023
0.80
4
The medicalization of love.
PMID: 24937632
Camb Q Healthc Ethics · 2015
0.80
5
Information Hazards in Biotechnology.
PMID: 30419157
Risk Anal · 2019
0.70